Sounds of Music
In music there are a variety of instruments that display the color of harmonies, when they are played in an orchestra or a band. The ranges of their sounds spans from the lowest pitch of a contrabass to the highest pitch of a piccolo. Moreover their classification derives by the group or section to which they belong.
The classification of instruments in music is divided into three broad classes or families which are percussion, string and wind. Many instruments have more than one characteristic and fall into more than one class. The piano, for example, is a string instrument as well as a percussion instrument.
Moreover in the group of percussion, the description of some of these instruments is very similar, since some of them consist of a drum shape. For example the typical description of any drum consist of a wooden cylinder that or hemispheres with calfskin stretched tightly one or both ends to form the head.
In the performance of percussion instruments, there are several of them that are executed in two ways. For instance some of these instruments are played with the palms of the hands or by using wooden sticks. The procedure when playing with the palms of the hand is as follow: both hands tap or strike simultaneously the head of the drum. In order to produce a different sound at the same time, the performer places one hand on the calfskin of the drum while strikes it with the other. The strength of the strike depends on the type of dynamic the performer is using. A good example of this kind of instrument is the conga. The conga consist of a wooden cylinder that or hemispheres with calfskin that stretches tightly the ends of the cylinder to form the head. The tension of the head is control by rods and screws. The purpose of such tension is to produce different sounds or to tune the instrument. Another way of playing percussion instruments is by using wooden sticks. This is the case in the drumset. The drumset consist in the collection of different kinds of drums and cymbals that make up this particular instrument. A typical drumset is arranged with a bass drum, a snare drum, tom-toms and three cymbals. Every peace of this instrument has a specific function in which simultaneously they dictate a rhythm or a pattern. For example the function of the bass drum consists in marking the down beat of the rhythm being played. The snare drum is in charge of marking the up beats of the rhythm. The toms and the cymbals signal the end of the rhythm or the introduction of a new pattern. The procedure of playing these instruments differs by hitting or striking the drums with the sticks instead of the hands. Since percussion instruments are most likely to be chasers of the rhythm, they constitute the rhythm section on any type of musical ensembles. There are also those instruments that constitute the harmony or the accompaniment in an ensemble; which in most cases is attributed to the string section.
In the string section we find instruments like the piano, the contrabass, the violoncello, the viola and the violin. As it was mentioned before, the piano besides being a percussion instrument it also has the characteristics of a string instruments. The description of the piano is very complex but it can be described as a keyboard musical instrument having wire strings that sound when struck by felt-covered hammers operated from a keyboard. The standard modern piano contains 88 keys. Since most of the time the task of the piano is to play several notes at the same time, this very function brings multiple sounds that accompany any peace of music. This type of accompaniment is usually referred as the chord progression.
Moreover string instruments such as the contrabass, the violoncello, the viola and the violin; though they are more likely to be melodic instruments, they function as harmonious instruments when played all at the same time. These instruments are commonly known as instruments of the violin family. When all these instruments are played together, they are distributed in four different voices which are: the bass, tenor, alto and soprano voice.
The structure of these instruments is very relative however the only contrast in them resides in their size and pitch. For example the body of the violin and viola are shallower than that of the violoncello or contrabass. The normal size of a violin is about two feet, the size of a viola normally is half foot longer than a violin, the length of a contrabass is about six feet long and the violoncello's length is about four feet. The range of the contrabass, it spans from three octaves below middle- c upward to one octave from middle -c. The violoncello on the other hand spans from two octaves from middle -c to two octaves up to middle c. Moreover the viola's range falls from middle- c to two octaves up from it. And furthermore the violins' range spans from -g below middle c to three octaves below it. And finally their relativity resides in the finger board which is fretless, the scroll which is the upper part of the instrument, the pegs which are the devices to hold the strings, the sound holes which have the shape of the letter f, and the tailpiece which is the device to tune the pitch of the strings, however the only contrast on these parts is based in the sizes each instrument have.
Despite the colors and the multiple sounds these instruments provide through the harmonies they emit, music would lack meaning without independent melodies that express complete thoughts in music. Melodies are fundamental and essential elements in musical composition for the simple reason that they emit ideas. These ideas are expressed in phrases. These phrases enclosed thoughts. These thoughts carry a message dipped with feelings. The feelings influence the ear of the audience and are the agents in charge of stimulate the mood of any listener. Therefore these are some of the logical reasons why melodies are executed by wind instruments.
The classification of wind instruments is divided in two sections or groups. These groups are: the wood winds section and the brass section. In the wood wind section we find instruments like the flute, piccolo etc. Woodwind instruments display sound rich in tenderness and charm. This sound has the tendency to enchant and entice the listeners, inducing them under an unconscious reaction to carefully follow the tender sound of this instrument, with the eyes and the ear. An example in this type of instrument is the flute. A flute is a keyed woodwind instrument consisting of a cylindrical tube which is stopped at one end and which has a side hole over which air is blown to produce the tone. In India, different kinds of flute are used by enchanters of cobras to manipulate these exotic animals to perform incredible acts. One way of how they perform an act is by simply playing a melody, as soon as the melody starts to be play the cobra begins to rise from the bottom of some sort of vessel made out of clay. Moreover the range of the flute extends from middle c up to three octaves above middle c. The piccolo can be described as a mini flute. Although the size of a piccolo is smaller than a regular flute, the range of its sound is an octave higher than that of the flute. One of the particular characteristic of the sound of the piccolo is that it has the tendency to provoke the listeners' visual reflex to locate the sound to the point that the visual sense tends to wander vaguely in order to spot the location where the sound comes from. Also some wind instruments besides emitting tender and charming sound, they also produce sound of warning and sound that when we listen to them, they input an action in our behalf. In ancient times, these instruments were used to announce events that were about to take place. For example watchmen on fortresses' tower were supposed to blow the trumpets in case the enemy was threatening the protection of the city by trying to attack. Therefore this call was a call of alert to let know the people to prepare for battle and to look for a safe place for those that would not take part in the battle.
However now days even though these instruments are still use in military purposes, they also have taken part in classical and now day's music. Some of these instruments can be found in the brass section. In this section there are instruments like the trombone, the trumpet etc. The description of the trombone and the trumpet is somewhat similar; with the difference that the trombone uses a slide to change the pitch and the trumpet uses valves to change from pitch to pitch. The trombone is a brass instrument consisting of a long cylindrical metal tube with two turns and having a movable slide for varying the tone. Its range is usual an octave lower than that of a trumpet. The trumpet moreover is a valve brass instrument having a cylindrical tube with two turns. The usual range of this instrument spans from f-sharp bellow middle c up to two and a half octaves from middle c. The function of these instruments is both to express phrases and to emit harmonies. Since their sound is more likely to be loud and alarmist they carry the opening and closing of phrases and they emphasize introductions and conclusions in musical themes.
The marvelous wonders and the magic these instruments produce by the color of their sounds are possible to be perceived, when they are fully conducted and masterly orchestrated by music itself. Therefore the rhythmic lines that the percussion chases with the harmonies strings lay down and the melodies winds embrace are the multiple endless sounds that are yet still to be heard from music.
вторник, 13 мај 2008 г.
Controversial Music
Albums with explicit lyrics or content started having black and white parental advisories on them in 1994 (http://www.riaa.org/Parents-Advisory-4.cfm). Are these labels necessary? Is controversial music molding our society and causing teenagers to turn to drugs? Is censorship necessary to protect the youth of our nation. Generally, younger people are against censorship on this issue. Music is an outlet and even an anti-drug for many teens -- however, parents and society feel differently. Should parents censor their children or society, many parents would like to raise their own children. 'Censorship, like charity should begin at home -- but unlike charity, it should end there,' is a quote by Clare Boothe Luce (Fitzhenry, 84). Many believe that the 'explicit' lyrics and content in this controversial music like Eminem will turn their children to crime and drugs. Music censorship started in the United States in the late fifties and continues till today. Will it ever go too far or stop?
Society causes a lot of music censorship. Starting in the late fifties and early sixties members of society made efforts to censor R and B music (http://teenmusic.about.com/library/weekly/aa022301a.htm). They were concerned that the music endorsed wild living, promiscuous sex, and lewd dancing (http://teenmusic.about.com/library/weekly/aa022301a.htm). 'During the late sixties and seventies, Jim Morrison's dark and suggestive lyrics stirred up communities, and parents were appalled to see Elvis Presley's hip-thrusting' (http://teenmusic.about.com/library/weekly/aa022301a.htm). Society censors music like this because they are afraid of it. They think it will alter the minds of their children and cause them to do things they would have never done if it were never suggested in a song's lyrics. 'Music mirrors the society that creates it' (http://teenmusic.about.com/library/weekly/aa022301a.htm). Some people believe this, while others believe that music causes problems in our society such as crime and drugs. 'For every person who believes certain lyrics portray a frightening world, there is another person who finds them deep and powerful because that world is all too real' (http://teenmusic.about.com/library/weekly/aa022301a.htm).
A number of people believe there is a correlation between album sales and the parental advisory label. Others, like the Recording Industry Association of America believe, or at least try to make parents believe that there is no correlation. 'It's not the labels kids look for, it's the music. Independent research shows kids put limited weight on lyrics in deciding which music they like, caring more about rhythm and melody. The warning label alone isn't enough incentive.' (http://www.riaa.org/Parents-Advisory-4.cfm).
'Censorship, like charity should begin at home -- but unlike charity, it should end there,' is a quote by Clare Boothe Luce (Fitzhenry, 84). Some parents are against the censorship of music. They believe that they should raise their kids, not some politicians who believe one nasty word will change a whole child's future.
Many music artists have had other people attempt or succeed to sue them for their explicit lyrics and sexual content. 2 Live Crew was one of these music groups. In June of 1990, a Broward County judge in Florida declared that their album, As Nasty as They Want to Be, was legally obscene. (http://www.xyno.de/) 2 Live Crew's record was the first one in America to be deemed legally obscene although a Georgia appeal court later overturned this decision in May of 1992 (http://music.lycos.com/artist/bio.asp?QW=2 Live Crew and AN=The 2 Live Crew and MID=66486 and MH=). Some people believe that a label should be placed on albums by artists who have explicit content in their recordings. Others believe that the music should not be on the market for the public to access at all. Many believe that censorship should not be allowed at all because it infringes our first amendment right, freedom of speech.
There are many groups and organizations who are trying to stop the censorship of music. One very prominent group is called Rock Out Censorship. Rock Out Censorship has been actively opposing the censorship of popular music since 1989. One platform they stick by, is they do not like the warning labels placed on albums to warn parents there is explicit material in the album. 'Rock Out Censorship's position has always been that these stickers do very little to warn parents, but do a lot to open the door to more restrictive forms of censorship' (http://www.theroc.org/). Rock Out Censorship has traveled and set up booths against censorship at many shows controversial and not so controversial groups and bands have played at. Some of these include Korn, Aerosmith, The Warped Tour, Nine Inch Nails, Green Day and many other tours and artists (http://www.theroc.org/). Rock Out Censorship has also had stage demonstrations in Washington D.C and has had petitions written to the Recording Industry Association of America asking them to get rid of the parental advisory warning system (http://www.theroc.org/). Rock Out Censorship believes that this system will lead to pieces of legislation that would criminalize the sale of 'controversial' music to minors.
The magazine, Rolling Stone also had a negative response to the censorship of music. The first articles in Rolling Stone to speak out against censorship appeared in 1969. Similar to Rock Out Censorship, their articles focused on stickering, labeling and ratings. (Davidson and Winfield, 99) Rolling Stone also felt that the recording industry had given up and given in to the stickering and labeling and no longer would put up a fight. As said in the book, Bleep! Censoring Rock and Rap Music edited by Davidson and Winfield concerning Rolling Stone's response:
'Rolling Stone's anti-censorship sentiments included blatant disdain for the PMRC's actions with an editorial placed in the middle of the article. Detailing the 1985 Senate hearings, Rolling Stone stated, ''The Parents' Music Resource Center's proposal is unworkable and unnecessary and comes perilously close to censorship.' A three-page article, entitled 'At a loss for Words: Record Industry Acceptance of Stickering is Already Having a Chilling Effect,' was clearly an anti-labeling opinion piece. Rolling Stone argued that control efforts have a negative effect on the industry: 'The concessions [voluntary labeling] sound disturbingly like self-censorship. Who needs legislation if the record companies like Circles won't sell those albums to minors?'' In addition to Rolling Stone, other magazines have been voicing their opinions about music censorship for years.
Wal-Mart is also a key component of some people's fight against censorship. 'Wal-Mart has a policy of not carrying any CDs that carry the notorious parental warning label (http://www.metroactive.com/papers/sonoma/01.09.97/walmart-music-9702.html). Hit artists like Snoop Doggy Dogg are not carried at Wal-Mart because of the parental advisory warning label. When Hank Hoffman questioned why Wal-Mart would not carry CDs like this, a clerk responded, 'it's a family store, we don't carry other things that might bother people, like Marilyn Manson or Korn either' (http://www.metroactive.com/papers/sonoma/01.09.97/walmart-music-9702.html). If Wal-mart does sell these albums, then they are heavily censored. The question is does it offend people that they do not carry albums such as these? For some Americans, Wal-mart is the closest thing to a record store they have. Some anti-censorship groups are even calling for people to boycott Wal-mart due to this infringement of the first amendment of the Constitution.
Most often teenagers feel differently about censorship than their parents. They use music as an outlet and sometimes to rebel. It also helps them cope with some things. Music plays a big part in kids growing up. '...for teens, music becomes especially important, giving a voice to those unable to speak their feelings' (http://teenmusic.about.com/library/weekly/aa010801a.htm). As response to a national initiative conducted by the National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign, music was number one. This came from more than 25,000 kids from ages 9 to 17 (http://teenmusic.about.com/library/weekly/aa010801a.htm). In fact, many musicians are involved in the Musicians' Assistance Program, through the recording industry's nonprofit treatment referral service. This program has well known musicians share their stories about how drugs hurt their friends and families, and how drugs damage a person's creativity (http://teenmusic.about.com/library/weekly/aa010801a.htm). They also emphasize that recovery is possible through treatment. These artists include Mary J. Blige, KISS, the Dixie Chicks, Lauryn Hill, widow of former Sublime lead singer Bradley Nowell and many other artists. 'Each of these performers appeal to a different sector of the music culture, but all deliver a single message: drugs may appear glamorous, but in reality are destructive forces that ruin talent, end careers, destroy lives and kill' (http://teenmusic.about.com/library/weekly/aa010801a.htm). Most people have seen the Anti-Drug commercials on television by the Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America. The kids on the commercials say what they do to keep themselves away from drugs. In one particular commercial the teenager says music is his anti-drug. A number of people say that certain types of music influence teenagers to try and use drugs -- however, some kids say they use it as their anti-drug. So the real question is, if a teenager listens to the 36 Mafia song called 'Where is the bud,' then is he or she going to want to go out and try marijuana? This is the big controversy in this area.
Most likely, teenagers, parents and society will never agree as to whether to censor music and what kind of music will be censored. Although there are many anti-censorship groups like Rock Against Censorship, censorship of music is getting tougher and tougher. I do not think any time in the near future everyone will ever agree upon this issue.
I do not agree with the censorship of music. I think that it is the parents' responsibility to decide what their children may or may not listen to. Society and the government are not here to raise America's youth, parents are. Also, an artist's music is an art, an expression of themselves and what they have been through. Changing their music, changes their art that they created. I would find that very insulting if I were a music artist. I do not think that parental advisories help parents at all. I think that for a parent to decide whether their child is old enough to listen to a music album, they must listen to it themselves. I also think music is an important part of a teenager's life. I know in high school I often used music as an outlet. For some, they are living the music, in a ghetto with parents with drug problems. For others like me, who fortunately did not have any of those problems, we use it as an outlet when our sweethearts break up with us or we just have a bad day. Foremost, I believe that music censorship infringes our first amendment to the Constitution, freedom of speech. Saying that music artists may not use certain words is the same as saying a newspaper cannot print a certain article in my opinion. Yet it seems that music is an easier target because pro-censorship groups claim that they are helping the youth of America.
Society causes a lot of music censorship. Starting in the late fifties and early sixties members of society made efforts to censor R and B music (http://teenmusic.about.com/library/weekly/aa022301a.htm). They were concerned that the music endorsed wild living, promiscuous sex, and lewd dancing (http://teenmusic.about.com/library/weekly/aa022301a.htm). 'During the late sixties and seventies, Jim Morrison's dark and suggestive lyrics stirred up communities, and parents were appalled to see Elvis Presley's hip-thrusting' (http://teenmusic.about.com/library/weekly/aa022301a.htm). Society censors music like this because they are afraid of it. They think it will alter the minds of their children and cause them to do things they would have never done if it were never suggested in a song's lyrics. 'Music mirrors the society that creates it' (http://teenmusic.about.com/library/weekly/aa022301a.htm). Some people believe this, while others believe that music causes problems in our society such as crime and drugs. 'For every person who believes certain lyrics portray a frightening world, there is another person who finds them deep and powerful because that world is all too real' (http://teenmusic.about.com/library/weekly/aa022301a.htm).
A number of people believe there is a correlation between album sales and the parental advisory label. Others, like the Recording Industry Association of America believe, or at least try to make parents believe that there is no correlation. 'It's not the labels kids look for, it's the music. Independent research shows kids put limited weight on lyrics in deciding which music they like, caring more about rhythm and melody. The warning label alone isn't enough incentive.' (http://www.riaa.org/Parents-Advisory-4.cfm).
'Censorship, like charity should begin at home -- but unlike charity, it should end there,' is a quote by Clare Boothe Luce (Fitzhenry, 84). Some parents are against the censorship of music. They believe that they should raise their kids, not some politicians who believe one nasty word will change a whole child's future.
Many music artists have had other people attempt or succeed to sue them for their explicit lyrics and sexual content. 2 Live Crew was one of these music groups. In June of 1990, a Broward County judge in Florida declared that their album, As Nasty as They Want to Be, was legally obscene. (http://www.xyno.de/) 2 Live Crew's record was the first one in America to be deemed legally obscene although a Georgia appeal court later overturned this decision in May of 1992 (http://music.lycos.com/artist/bio.asp?QW=2 Live Crew and AN=The 2 Live Crew and MID=66486 and MH=). Some people believe that a label should be placed on albums by artists who have explicit content in their recordings. Others believe that the music should not be on the market for the public to access at all. Many believe that censorship should not be allowed at all because it infringes our first amendment right, freedom of speech.
There are many groups and organizations who are trying to stop the censorship of music. One very prominent group is called Rock Out Censorship. Rock Out Censorship has been actively opposing the censorship of popular music since 1989. One platform they stick by, is they do not like the warning labels placed on albums to warn parents there is explicit material in the album. 'Rock Out Censorship's position has always been that these stickers do very little to warn parents, but do a lot to open the door to more restrictive forms of censorship' (http://www.theroc.org/). Rock Out Censorship has traveled and set up booths against censorship at many shows controversial and not so controversial groups and bands have played at. Some of these include Korn, Aerosmith, The Warped Tour, Nine Inch Nails, Green Day and many other tours and artists (http://www.theroc.org/). Rock Out Censorship has also had stage demonstrations in Washington D.C and has had petitions written to the Recording Industry Association of America asking them to get rid of the parental advisory warning system (http://www.theroc.org/). Rock Out Censorship believes that this system will lead to pieces of legislation that would criminalize the sale of 'controversial' music to minors.
The magazine, Rolling Stone also had a negative response to the censorship of music. The first articles in Rolling Stone to speak out against censorship appeared in 1969. Similar to Rock Out Censorship, their articles focused on stickering, labeling and ratings. (Davidson and Winfield, 99) Rolling Stone also felt that the recording industry had given up and given in to the stickering and labeling and no longer would put up a fight. As said in the book, Bleep! Censoring Rock and Rap Music edited by Davidson and Winfield concerning Rolling Stone's response:
'Rolling Stone's anti-censorship sentiments included blatant disdain for the PMRC's actions with an editorial placed in the middle of the article. Detailing the 1985 Senate hearings, Rolling Stone stated, ''The Parents' Music Resource Center's proposal is unworkable and unnecessary and comes perilously close to censorship.' A three-page article, entitled 'At a loss for Words: Record Industry Acceptance of Stickering is Already Having a Chilling Effect,' was clearly an anti-labeling opinion piece. Rolling Stone argued that control efforts have a negative effect on the industry: 'The concessions [voluntary labeling] sound disturbingly like self-censorship. Who needs legislation if the record companies like Circles won't sell those albums to minors?'' In addition to Rolling Stone, other magazines have been voicing their opinions about music censorship for years.
Wal-Mart is also a key component of some people's fight against censorship. 'Wal-Mart has a policy of not carrying any CDs that carry the notorious parental warning label (http://www.metroactive.com/papers/sonoma/01.09.97/walmart-music-9702.html). Hit artists like Snoop Doggy Dogg are not carried at Wal-Mart because of the parental advisory warning label. When Hank Hoffman questioned why Wal-Mart would not carry CDs like this, a clerk responded, 'it's a family store, we don't carry other things that might bother people, like Marilyn Manson or Korn either' (http://www.metroactive.com/papers/sonoma/01.09.97/walmart-music-9702.html). If Wal-mart does sell these albums, then they are heavily censored. The question is does it offend people that they do not carry albums such as these? For some Americans, Wal-mart is the closest thing to a record store they have. Some anti-censorship groups are even calling for people to boycott Wal-mart due to this infringement of the first amendment of the Constitution.
Most often teenagers feel differently about censorship than their parents. They use music as an outlet and sometimes to rebel. It also helps them cope with some things. Music plays a big part in kids growing up. '...for teens, music becomes especially important, giving a voice to those unable to speak their feelings' (http://teenmusic.about.com/library/weekly/aa010801a.htm). As response to a national initiative conducted by the National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign, music was number one. This came from more than 25,000 kids from ages 9 to 17 (http://teenmusic.about.com/library/weekly/aa010801a.htm). In fact, many musicians are involved in the Musicians' Assistance Program, through the recording industry's nonprofit treatment referral service. This program has well known musicians share their stories about how drugs hurt their friends and families, and how drugs damage a person's creativity (http://teenmusic.about.com/library/weekly/aa010801a.htm). They also emphasize that recovery is possible through treatment. These artists include Mary J. Blige, KISS, the Dixie Chicks, Lauryn Hill, widow of former Sublime lead singer Bradley Nowell and many other artists. 'Each of these performers appeal to a different sector of the music culture, but all deliver a single message: drugs may appear glamorous, but in reality are destructive forces that ruin talent, end careers, destroy lives and kill' (http://teenmusic.about.com/library/weekly/aa010801a.htm). Most people have seen the Anti-Drug commercials on television by the Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America. The kids on the commercials say what they do to keep themselves away from drugs. In one particular commercial the teenager says music is his anti-drug. A number of people say that certain types of music influence teenagers to try and use drugs -- however, some kids say they use it as their anti-drug. So the real question is, if a teenager listens to the 36 Mafia song called 'Where is the bud,' then is he or she going to want to go out and try marijuana? This is the big controversy in this area.
Most likely, teenagers, parents and society will never agree as to whether to censor music and what kind of music will be censored. Although there are many anti-censorship groups like Rock Against Censorship, censorship of music is getting tougher and tougher. I do not think any time in the near future everyone will ever agree upon this issue.
I do not agree with the censorship of music. I think that it is the parents' responsibility to decide what their children may or may not listen to. Society and the government are not here to raise America's youth, parents are. Also, an artist's music is an art, an expression of themselves and what they have been through. Changing their music, changes their art that they created. I would find that very insulting if I were a music artist. I do not think that parental advisories help parents at all. I think that for a parent to decide whether their child is old enough to listen to a music album, they must listen to it themselves. I also think music is an important part of a teenager's life. I know in high school I often used music as an outlet. For some, they are living the music, in a ghetto with parents with drug problems. For others like me, who fortunately did not have any of those problems, we use it as an outlet when our sweethearts break up with us or we just have a bad day. Foremost, I believe that music censorship infringes our first amendment to the Constitution, freedom of speech. Saying that music artists may not use certain words is the same as saying a newspaper cannot print a certain article in my opinion. Yet it seems that music is an easier target because pro-censorship groups claim that they are helping the youth of America.
Traditional music vs international music
Music is one thing , in this world , which nobody hates. A person may not like to hear music always, but he will definitely not hate music. This is the reason, there are many different types of music in the world today.
Music can be played in many ways, one can play with strings, sticks, or just a humming. In olden days music has a very good medicinal importance. A pregnant woman , who is in contractions is relieved of pain with a type of music.music eases a person out of stress or anger or frustration. Music is also used to lit up a pleasent mood in a vexed person, who works in todays technically busy world. thus there are many more advantages of music.
wether traditional music of a country is more important than the international music is a debatable issue.Both the types of music has their own respect and importance.It is rather dependable on ones mood and place.For example, a person in a irritable mood may like to hear rather slow, soft traditional music or may like to hear rock or jazz music to shut off all the sounds and drown into his own world and be in peace of mind.Lets say in todays world pub culture has become mundane,in pub all young hearted people like to dance to the glory with some fast and rock music, where its not possible with slow or silent music.
In conclusion, it is true that internatinal music is now in hearts of most of the young people all over the world , and traditional music of ones country is not given much importance. As i said music is music let it be international or traditional and all efforts should be made to preserve ones own traditional music as well, as old saying goes "old is gold"
Music can be played in many ways, one can play with strings, sticks, or just a humming. In olden days music has a very good medicinal importance. A pregnant woman , who is in contractions is relieved of pain with a type of music.music eases a person out of stress or anger or frustration. Music is also used to lit up a pleasent mood in a vexed person, who works in todays technically busy world. thus there are many more advantages of music.
wether traditional music of a country is more important than the international music is a debatable issue.Both the types of music has their own respect and importance.It is rather dependable on ones mood and place.For example, a person in a irritable mood may like to hear rather slow, soft traditional music or may like to hear rock or jazz music to shut off all the sounds and drown into his own world and be in peace of mind.Lets say in todays world pub culture has become mundane,in pub all young hearted people like to dance to the glory with some fast and rock music, where its not possible with slow or silent music.
In conclusion, it is true that internatinal music is now in hearts of most of the young people all over the world , and traditional music of ones country is not given much importance. As i said music is music let it be international or traditional and all efforts should be made to preserve ones own traditional music as well, as old saying goes "old is gold"
Leukemia
Leukemia is named after the Leukocytes, white blood cells that mutate and become cancerous before maturity. These cells reproduce rapidly, slowing down the production of white blood cells that are important in the fight against infection in the body. Leukemia also slows down the production of red blood cells that are needed to carry oxygen in the blood. Cancer cell may spread to the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, genitals, or the brain, leukemia is incurable and is the second leading cause of death for children ages 2-15 (Kagan 35). There are eight causes, five symptoms, and ten treatments for leukemia. There are eight causes for the cancer leukemia. The first cause of leukemia is population mixing. The most common cause for leukemia in children is population mixing. Studies have repeatedly shown of several such circumstances and might explain the excess cases seen in large remote nuclear installations. The pattern of infections encountered by children mixing with their new peers may be different in such situations and could provide an extra challenge to their immune systems (Lilleyman 32)
The second cause of leukemia is seeds sown from birth. From studies of leukemia arising in identical twins leukemia may have seeds sown from birth. The disease is not inherited rather it seems that in rare instances a defect can occur in lymphocytes located in the fetus and is directly or indirectly related to the rise of leukemia in children. If one twin develops leukemia there is an increased risk of the other child doing the same (Lilleyman 33)
The third cause of leukemia is environmental radiation. Observed clusters of cases around nuclear installations have caused huge concern. While there is no doubt Heitzig 2 that large doses of radiation can cause leukemia, the unusual circumstances where this is know to happen are irrelevant to virtually all cases in child hood (Lilleyman 33).
The fourth cause of leukemia is viruses leading to the disease. Viruses certainly cause leukemia in cats and other animal species. A rare leukemia related cancer seen in Japan and the Caribbean is known to be due from a virus as the same family of HIV. Despite a vigorous search, none have been implicated so far in childhood leukemia (Lilleyman 34).
The fifth cause of leukemia is electric magnetic fields. Why there might be an excess chance of adults developing leukemia if they live near pylons carrying high voltage national grid power cables or near to electricity substations is not clear, but the suggestion was made by some studies searching for new causes of leukemia. The theory has not been substantiated and has little credibility at the present time (Lilleyman 34).
The sixth cause of leukemia is toxic and agricultural chemicals being released into the air. There may be a connection between toxic chemicals with aplastic anemia. Some anti caner drugs can indirectly cause a type of AML, but leukemia actually occurring from these drugs is very infrequent and thankfully only occurs in a very small number of children. (Lilleyman 34)
The seventh cause of leukemia is thought to be genetics. Some people can be genetically pre-disposed to leukemia. Chromosome abnormalities are associated with a pre leukiemic disease called myelodysplasia. Nine out of ten people with leukemia, for example, have an abnormal chromosome called the Philadelphia Chromosome in their blood cells. This chromosome is an acquired abnormality; it is neither inherited nor handed down to one's children, instead this abnormality is slowly developed over time
The second cause of leukemia is seeds sown from birth. From studies of leukemia arising in identical twins leukemia may have seeds sown from birth. The disease is not inherited rather it seems that in rare instances a defect can occur in lymphocytes located in the fetus and is directly or indirectly related to the rise of leukemia in children. If one twin develops leukemia there is an increased risk of the other child doing the same (Lilleyman 33)
The third cause of leukemia is environmental radiation. Observed clusters of cases around nuclear installations have caused huge concern. While there is no doubt Heitzig 2 that large doses of radiation can cause leukemia, the unusual circumstances where this is know to happen are irrelevant to virtually all cases in child hood (Lilleyman 33).
The fourth cause of leukemia is viruses leading to the disease. Viruses certainly cause leukemia in cats and other animal species. A rare leukemia related cancer seen in Japan and the Caribbean is known to be due from a virus as the same family of HIV. Despite a vigorous search, none have been implicated so far in childhood leukemia (Lilleyman 34).
The fifth cause of leukemia is electric magnetic fields. Why there might be an excess chance of adults developing leukemia if they live near pylons carrying high voltage national grid power cables or near to electricity substations is not clear, but the suggestion was made by some studies searching for new causes of leukemia. The theory has not been substantiated and has little credibility at the present time (Lilleyman 34).
The sixth cause of leukemia is toxic and agricultural chemicals being released into the air. There may be a connection between toxic chemicals with aplastic anemia. Some anti caner drugs can indirectly cause a type of AML, but leukemia actually occurring from these drugs is very infrequent and thankfully only occurs in a very small number of children. (Lilleyman 34)
The seventh cause of leukemia is thought to be genetics. Some people can be genetically pre-disposed to leukemia. Chromosome abnormalities are associated with a pre leukiemic disease called myelodysplasia. Nine out of ten people with leukemia, for example, have an abnormal chromosome called the Philadelphia Chromosome in their blood cells. This chromosome is an acquired abnormality; it is neither inherited nor handed down to one's children, instead this abnormality is slowly developed over time
Drugs
Drugs. What do we know about drugs? What do we imagine when we say this word? White powder or a young person, wiping out any possibility for his future to grow, killing himself slowly. Drugs came in our life and destroyed any relations between parents and children. I say "any" because this is the word, defining exactly what happens when a child starts taking drugs. Ignorance. Ignorance from the rest of the world, living in a world with no real friends, no sun, no flowers, no stars, no tears or laughter^ no love. The only friend of the drug addict is the syringe. And nevertheless, there are people who manage to emerge from all this, to overcome their dependence from drugs and let their life change, continue, develop or whatever word you're comfortable with. Why? Why there are so many drug addicts? Why does a child become a drug fiend? There are people, who are more probable to start taking drugs, than others. People, who are more responsible, stronger and are always "in charge" of their own problems, these people "never" take drugs, as they say themselves. These people are able to obey someone, to entice someone, to listen or act for someone, but to get what they want, to get the joy they want. But there are weak people, who have "closed" and ignored themselves from the rest of the reality, people who live in their own world. They are usually not willing to solve their problems by their own, so they find a "friend" who "helps" them. And all this, because you don't need neither to obey, nor to allure the squirt. No, you just take it, and you get they joy you have been longing for so fervently, ignoring everything else around you. You get a false joy, and become unable to feel anything, as you try to get another dose
STEREOIDS
Should drug testing be allowed in school athletic programs? Who should be tested - athletes, clubs, band members, or every student? Some people think that drug-testing programs is the answer for those who are drug users. Drug-testing is a controversial matter because it is intrusive; it in fringes on an individual's right to privacy, and raises a host of legal technical and ethnical matters. It also creates a sense of suspicion and the lack of trust between school staff and student. While others fear that drug programs are an invasion of a persons' privacy and results in punishment. Drug testing in high school sports should be allowed because it is designed to help detect and prevent drug use. High schools should have the right to administer drug tests to student athletes. Students are under the care of the school, making the school responsible for everything that occurs on campus. The usage of drugs by a student or group of students creates an issue of safety. According to Lawler, "Supporters of drug-testing in schools argue that athletes are under the protection of the schools when they are there"(27). All schools have the responsibility to control and supervise athletes to prevent or stop drug use. The reason for schools to have a drug test policy is to create a safe, drug free environment for student athletes and the entire student body. Aransas Pass Independent School District (APISD) adopted an athletic drug-testing policy stating that the schools are recognizing, observing, and suspecting that illicit drug use of student athletes are increasing. The School District will be setting up a program of deterrence in helping to approach a drug free environment for the schools. Student athletes who use illicit drugs pose as a threat to their own health and safety, as well as to others. The school district objectives are to provide a deterrent to drug use for high school student athletes, to provide a drug education program for student athletes who test positive, and for the student athletes who are at risk of drug use, keep students healthy and safe, and undermine the effects of peer pressure by giving a good reason for student athletes to refuse to use illicit drugs. This program is designed to promote a safe, drug free environment for student athletes and assist them in getting the help that they need. The plan of action the school district is willing to take: (1) All student athletes will be tested at least once yearly upon entering the athletic program. Random testing will be done on at least ten high school student athletes. (2) All athletes will be tested. (3) Testing provided will be certified nationally by an independent laboratory. (4) Student athletes who refuse to provide a sample will be considered positive and will be reported to the athletic director. (5) Student athletes who do not cooperate with the drug testing will be considered a positive result and reported to the athletic director. (6) A parent/guardian will be notified by the athletic director or the building principal if the student athlete's test results indicated the use of illegal drugs or banned substances. (7) If test results come back positive, student athletes can request a second test, at the students expense. "The district will reimburse the student if there is a false-positive test as long as the test is at a nationally certified independent laboratory supplied by the school district." (Aransas Pass ISD 4). The school district is creating a place where students will feel safe, protected, and know that they will not be harmed.
Stimulants, sedatives, hallucinogens, and steroids have certain effects on the body and mind. Stimulants, such as cocaine and crack, speed up the central nervous system by increasing the activity of the mind and body. Monroe describes the effects crack and cocaine have on a human system; "Blood vessels narrow, so the heart works faster. Week blood vessels can burst and a weak heart can begin skipping beats. This may lead to a heart attack or death" (17). Cocaine and crack are dangerous drugs for student athletes to be taking. Athletes are involved in strenuous exercise causing their heart to beat faster naturally. Taking drugs, causes everything in their body to speed up faster than the heart really should. This is where athletes get themselves in trouble. High schools are attempting to save the lives of those athletes who could be addicted to dangerous drugs. Other types of drugs are sedatives or downers which slows down the central nervous system, causing bad feelings followed by a quick "rush". Marijuana, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) and Phencyclidine (PCP) are hallucinogens which affect a person's perceptions, sensations, thinking, self-awareness and emotions. Steroids main side effects are trembling, severe acne, fluid retention, aching joints, high blood pressure, jaundice, and liver tumors. Athletes also take steroids to help them recover from injuries faster. Athletes who resort to drug usage either do not know how or what the effects of these drugs can do to a person mentally and physically. Some drugs will make the athlete more aggressive. This aggression leads to a person wanting to take it out on anyone -teammates, coaches even family. Random testing for students will help prevent them from hurting others and themselves. By providing a deterrent of drug use promoting the health and safety of all students. In athletic programs, competitions should be a test of skill and teamwork, not artificial muscle. Student athletes who use drugs gain an unfair advantage (steroid use) over opponents or creates a disadvantage (drug use) for their teammates and violates the form signed by the athlete to participate. Creatine, a nutritional supplement, is used by some high school football and baseball players so they can build muscle and become stronger competitors. Suziann thinks drug tests for high school athletes should be allowed because it will help prevent drug use and give athletes equal opportunities to succeed in sports. " Suziann Reid, an 18-year-old track star from Eleanor Roosevelt High School... is in favor of the ruling because it ensures all athletes are playing fairly and drug-free"(Sports and Courts 3). High school students want competitions to be fair. The athletes work hard to be where they or their team wants to be -physically, mentally, and emotionally. Team players are not focused on taking narcotics or steroids. Team players will focus on how they will help their team benefit with their own skill and talent. Players who take steroids are creating artificial muscle and do not have to work as hard to gain muscle naturally. When a player has the drive to succeed in a sport, they should not need to rely on drugs or steroids to improve or enhance their performance out on the field or the court.
Drug-testing in high school, to many, is an invasion of privacy. Students and parents think athletes being tested for drugs is against their Fourth Amendment rights, which guarantees privacy and security to all citizens. In The Facts About Drug Testing, Monroe states, "The main argument... is that it violates the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution. This says that general searches of people are unfair and unreasonable"(36). The law states there has to be a reason for schools, police officers or anyone else to search through someone's personal items. Most people think it is okay to search or test a student if they are under the influence of drugs. The school must have some suspicion or reason a student athlete is taking drugs. In the Vernonia School District v. Acton case, Justice Antonin Scalia wrote, "The state's power over schoolchildren . . . permit a degree of supervision and control that could not be exercised over free adults" (Lawler 33). The parents and students did not agree with signing the consent form because the Acton's son, James, was not under the influence of drugs, but under the suspicion of the school. The courts ruling was that the school district does have the right to hand out and administer drug test policies for athletes. The court system is right with their rulings of letting the schools decide whether they want to administer drug-test policies or not. The school has every right to protect athletes and students because the students are under the care of the school. Students and athletes are on school property giving teachers and principles the right to search property that belongs to the school. The school is ensuring the health and safety of all student athletes. Others think drug -testing should not be allowed because the tests are expensive to administer. Money that pays for the drug tests is through a budget given by the state to the school districts. The schools are given money by state to pay for the necessities that students will need during the school year. Street drugs can be analyzed for twenty dollars per test, not including steroids. "Most current drug-testing programs test as least 10 students per week at a cost of approximately ,000 per year"(Sports and Courts 4 of 7). This does not include the cost of gathering samples, maintaining the quality of the test, and the transportation of the test. Testing for steroids could cost anywhere from seventy to ninety dollars per test. "Colorado High School Activities Association Commissioner Bob Ottewill recently told USA Today that the cost per year for a drug-testing program in his state would range between 72,000 and 2 million"(Sports and Courts 4 of 7). Some schools do not have the money to test those student athletes who are on drugs or are suspected of taking drugs. Many schools receive money from the federal and state government for testing programs. Most of the activities and athletic associations do not think the drug -testing program will be adopted or picked up on a statewide basis. Drug-testing may be expensive but schools can get discounts for testing many students. Plus, parents would rather have their children safe and in a safe environment. The health and safety of all students provides a legitimate reason for students and athletes to refuse to use illicit drugs.
The last issue to consider is many parents think high school athletes will be distracted from their school work if random drug-testing were allowed. The students will worry, all year round, to see if they are the next "victim" to be picked for the drug-test. This creates pressures on the students and may not allow them concentrate on school work or homework. There should not be any pressure on a student athlete. These students should be willing to take a drug test if they know they are not using drugs. The monitors do not watch the athletes take the test. The girls go into stalls with the monitor just waiting in the bathroom, while the boys go into urinals with the monitors back turned facing the door. The students have their privacy in the bathroom, it is just like being in there with another student during the day.
Drug-testing in schools will always be a controversial issue. Schools need to weigh their options before they introduce a drug-testing program. There will be many steps to consider if schools decide to introduce drug-testing to students. Schools play a positive role in ensuring the student drug users receive appropriate attention. It is clear that drug-testing in high school athletics evokes many social, ethical and legal issues. Drug-testing should be allowed in high schools because keeping the students safe and healthy is an important factor.
Stimulants, sedatives, hallucinogens, and steroids have certain effects on the body and mind. Stimulants, such as cocaine and crack, speed up the central nervous system by increasing the activity of the mind and body. Monroe describes the effects crack and cocaine have on a human system; "Blood vessels narrow, so the heart works faster. Week blood vessels can burst and a weak heart can begin skipping beats. This may lead to a heart attack or death" (17). Cocaine and crack are dangerous drugs for student athletes to be taking. Athletes are involved in strenuous exercise causing their heart to beat faster naturally. Taking drugs, causes everything in their body to speed up faster than the heart really should. This is where athletes get themselves in trouble. High schools are attempting to save the lives of those athletes who could be addicted to dangerous drugs. Other types of drugs are sedatives or downers which slows down the central nervous system, causing bad feelings followed by a quick "rush". Marijuana, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) and Phencyclidine (PCP) are hallucinogens which affect a person's perceptions, sensations, thinking, self-awareness and emotions. Steroids main side effects are trembling, severe acne, fluid retention, aching joints, high blood pressure, jaundice, and liver tumors. Athletes also take steroids to help them recover from injuries faster. Athletes who resort to drug usage either do not know how or what the effects of these drugs can do to a person mentally and physically. Some drugs will make the athlete more aggressive. This aggression leads to a person wanting to take it out on anyone -teammates, coaches even family. Random testing for students will help prevent them from hurting others and themselves. By providing a deterrent of drug use promoting the health and safety of all students. In athletic programs, competitions should be a test of skill and teamwork, not artificial muscle. Student athletes who use drugs gain an unfair advantage (steroid use) over opponents or creates a disadvantage (drug use) for their teammates and violates the form signed by the athlete to participate. Creatine, a nutritional supplement, is used by some high school football and baseball players so they can build muscle and become stronger competitors. Suziann thinks drug tests for high school athletes should be allowed because it will help prevent drug use and give athletes equal opportunities to succeed in sports. " Suziann Reid, an 18-year-old track star from Eleanor Roosevelt High School... is in favor of the ruling because it ensures all athletes are playing fairly and drug-free"(Sports and Courts 3). High school students want competitions to be fair. The athletes work hard to be where they or their team wants to be -physically, mentally, and emotionally. Team players are not focused on taking narcotics or steroids. Team players will focus on how they will help their team benefit with their own skill and talent. Players who take steroids are creating artificial muscle and do not have to work as hard to gain muscle naturally. When a player has the drive to succeed in a sport, they should not need to rely on drugs or steroids to improve or enhance their performance out on the field or the court.
Drug-testing in high school, to many, is an invasion of privacy. Students and parents think athletes being tested for drugs is against their Fourth Amendment rights, which guarantees privacy and security to all citizens. In The Facts About Drug Testing, Monroe states, "The main argument... is that it violates the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution. This says that general searches of people are unfair and unreasonable"(36). The law states there has to be a reason for schools, police officers or anyone else to search through someone's personal items. Most people think it is okay to search or test a student if they are under the influence of drugs. The school must have some suspicion or reason a student athlete is taking drugs. In the Vernonia School District v. Acton case, Justice Antonin Scalia wrote, "The state's power over schoolchildren . . . permit a degree of supervision and control that could not be exercised over free adults" (Lawler 33). The parents and students did not agree with signing the consent form because the Acton's son, James, was not under the influence of drugs, but under the suspicion of the school. The courts ruling was that the school district does have the right to hand out and administer drug test policies for athletes. The court system is right with their rulings of letting the schools decide whether they want to administer drug-test policies or not. The school has every right to protect athletes and students because the students are under the care of the school. Students and athletes are on school property giving teachers and principles the right to search property that belongs to the school. The school is ensuring the health and safety of all student athletes. Others think drug -testing should not be allowed because the tests are expensive to administer. Money that pays for the drug tests is through a budget given by the state to the school districts. The schools are given money by state to pay for the necessities that students will need during the school year. Street drugs can be analyzed for twenty dollars per test, not including steroids. "Most current drug-testing programs test as least 10 students per week at a cost of approximately ,000 per year"(Sports and Courts 4 of 7). This does not include the cost of gathering samples, maintaining the quality of the test, and the transportation of the test. Testing for steroids could cost anywhere from seventy to ninety dollars per test. "Colorado High School Activities Association Commissioner Bob Ottewill recently told USA Today that the cost per year for a drug-testing program in his state would range between 72,000 and 2 million"(Sports and Courts 4 of 7). Some schools do not have the money to test those student athletes who are on drugs or are suspected of taking drugs. Many schools receive money from the federal and state government for testing programs. Most of the activities and athletic associations do not think the drug -testing program will be adopted or picked up on a statewide basis. Drug-testing may be expensive but schools can get discounts for testing many students. Plus, parents would rather have their children safe and in a safe environment. The health and safety of all students provides a legitimate reason for students and athletes to refuse to use illicit drugs.
The last issue to consider is many parents think high school athletes will be distracted from their school work if random drug-testing were allowed. The students will worry, all year round, to see if they are the next "victim" to be picked for the drug-test. This creates pressures on the students and may not allow them concentrate on school work or homework. There should not be any pressure on a student athlete. These students should be willing to take a drug test if they know they are not using drugs. The monitors do not watch the athletes take the test. The girls go into stalls with the monitor just waiting in the bathroom, while the boys go into urinals with the monitors back turned facing the door. The students have their privacy in the bathroom, it is just like being in there with another student during the day.
Drug-testing in schools will always be a controversial issue. Schools need to weigh their options before they introduce a drug-testing program. There will be many steps to consider if schools decide to introduce drug-testing to students. Schools play a positive role in ensuring the student drug users receive appropriate attention. It is clear that drug-testing in high school athletics evokes many social, ethical and legal issues. Drug-testing should be allowed in high schools because keeping the students safe and healthy is an important factor.
DRUGS ABUSE EFFECTS
Drug abuse can result in the lost of the relationship, financial status and integrity. One of the most harmful risks is that of engaging in risky sexual activities. For instance, the use of drugs is related to the occurrence of unsafe sexual behavior that places adolescent at risk for pregnancy of contracting sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV/ AIDS. The effects of using drug and covering up for the abuse can lead to behavior that causes difficulties at home. For example, personality change and mood swings, less interest in family activities, increase in arguments, needing more money or stealing. Drugs use can also lead to big changes in your life. Ignorance the rest of the world, living in a world with no real friends, no sun, no flowers, no starts, the only friend of the drug addict is the syringe. Drugs abuse affects society in many ways. In workplace it is costly in terms of lost work time and inefficiency. Drugs users are more likely than nonusers to have occupational accidents, endangering themselves and those around them. Drug related crime could disrupt neighborhoods due to violence among drug dealers, threats to residents, and the crimes of the addicts themselves. In some neighborhoods, younger children are recruited as lookouts and helper because of the lighters sentences given to juvenile offenders, and guns have become commonplace among children and adolescents. Drugs also cost money, for example, a person who spends forty dollars a day on drugs, in a year time they need fourteen thousand six hundred dollars to support their drugs habit for a whole year. Most of drugs addicts so drugged up that they could not go to work, so they are probably unemployed and turn to the streets, for example, many drug users engage in criminal activity, such as burglary and prostitution for income to buy drugs and that where a rise in crime come into the communities...
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